الاثنين، 25 أغسطس 2014
ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ : (1) ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺨﺒﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﻤﻚ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﻪ : ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﻚ What's yuor name ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ My name is Ali (2) ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﻩ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ Heloﺍﻭ Hey ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﻤﻚ Hey Im Ahmed What's your name ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ Hello my name is maher ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ Hey Im Ali (3) ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺐ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻮ ﻟﻘﺒﻚ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻚ What is your surname ﻟﻘﺒﻲ ﻫﻮ ...../.......My last name is ﺍﺳﻢ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻲ ﻫﻮ ...... ﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻲ ﺍﻻ ﻫﻮ ......... .....My family name is..... but Iam married now so it's (4)ﺍﺫﺍ ﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻭﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﻤﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻣﺆﺩﺑﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﻴﻪ : ﺳﺎﻣﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﻤﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ؟ ?Forgive me, What did you say name was ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺰﺭﻩ ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﻤﻚ ؟ ?Excuse me may I ask your name ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻚ ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﻤﻚ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ؟ ?Could you say your name again please ﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﺳﻒ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺍﻧﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﻤﻚ ؟ ?I'm sorry I seen to have forgotten your name (5) ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻭﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺣﺪﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ : ﻣﺎ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ? What's up ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ?How's life ﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺎﻟﻚ؟ How are you ﻛﻴﻒ ﻛﻨﺖ ؟ How have been ﻟﻼﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺳﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ : ﺍﻧﺎ ﺑﺨﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻧﺖ ؟ I'm fine and yourself ﺍﻧﺎ ﺑﺨﻴﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ I am good thank you four asking ﺍﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻋﻨﻚ؟I am alright how about you (6) ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻝ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ : ﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﻙ ؟How old are you ﻋﻤﺮﻱ ﺳﺒﻌﻪ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ I am twenty seven ﻋﻤﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺑﻌﻴﻦ Iam forty years of age ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻱ ﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡI will be thirty next month (7 )ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻝ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ : ﻣﻦ ﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺖ? Where are you from ﺍﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ I am from the Sudan ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ؟ ?What city in the Sudan do you live in ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﻋﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ I actually live in london ﺍﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ I am from Egypt ﻣﻦ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ؟ Wher eabouts in Egypt are you from ﺍﻧﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ I was born in Australia ﻣﻦ ﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﻪ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻚ ؟ Where is your family from ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ My parents are from Sudan (8) ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻝ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﻜﻨﻪ : ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﻜﻦ؟Where do you live ﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﻋﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﻩ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮﻡ I live in a small town near KhartoumDalal Salam
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﺷﺮﺣﻲ : ﺃﻭﻻ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﺘﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺗﻢ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(yester day ,last +week,year,day,month,ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ +ago ﺍﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻂ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ :ﻓﺎﻋﻞ +ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ +ed ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ i played football yesterday he went to his work last week ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎً ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺛﻢ ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺎﻟﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺪﺛﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﺩ+wasﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ+were+ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻪ ing ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﺪﻻﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪﺗﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎً ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ when ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ, ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ while when+ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ(ﺣﺪﺙ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ)+ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ(ﺣﺪﺙ ﺃﻭﻝ) while+ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ (ﺣﺪﺙ ﺃﻭﻝ)+ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ(ﺣﺪﺙ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ) when i went my home ,my father was watching tv while i was walking in the street,i saw a theif while we were walking in the street,we saw a theif ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ: ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ when ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺩﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﺗﺖ when ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ while ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺩﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﺗﺖ while ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ: ﻳﺠﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺪﺛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ while i was reading my book,my father was watching tv ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎً ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﺛﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻧﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ : ﻓﺎﻋﻞ +had +ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻵﺧﺮﻩ ed ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ after, ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺃﻥ as soon as, ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ before ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ( ﻗﺒﻞ) ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ after i had finished my lessons,i slept as soon as i had arrived my home,my mobile phone rang before i slept,i had finished my lessons ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ: ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﻻﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻔﻬﺎ ..
الفرق بين الماضي البسيط والتام
ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ (ing-) ﻟﻼﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳة ) The Spelling of verbs English in -ing The sun is shining The woman is sitting on a chair by the beach She is typing on her laptop ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ: ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺧﻴﺮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﺔ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ing- ﻭﻧﺤﺬﻑ (e). ﺍﻣﺜﻠﺔ :- Consonant + e Drop the e, add - *ing* EX dance------>>dancing come------->> coming ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ : ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻳﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻳﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻧﺪﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻻﺧﻴﺮ ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ing- . One vowel + consonant Double the consonant, add -ing EX: sit*ting* ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ: ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺄﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ing- ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻭﻫﻲ: (w,x,y) Exception : verbs that end in w,x,y EX: show---->showing fix----->fixing say---->saying ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ : ﺍﺫﺍ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻻﺧﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﺔ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ing- ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ . Two vowels + one consonant Do not double the consonant. add -ing Ex: eat----->eating sleep---->sleeping ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﻴﺮﺓ: ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ing- ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ. All other verbs Add -ing Ex: talk-----> talking read----->reading *ﻣـــــــــــــــﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ :-* ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ (Vowels)>>>> a , e ,i ,o ,u ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ (Consonants) b ,c ,d ,f ,g ,h ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,v ,w ,x ,y , z
قاعدة. ing
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